ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING
KFUPM Box 5033
King Fahd University of
Petroleum and Minerals
Dhahran 31261
Saudi Arabia
February 2001
Fax : +966 3 860 5458
E-mail : ajse@kfupm.edu.sa
INTRODUCTION
This manual contains a set of guidelines for authors who are writing for possible publication in the ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING. These guidelines are intended to assist authors to make their manuscripts conform to the style and format adopted by the AJSE, and to make it possible for AJSE to process the manuscript through its normal review procedures. Authors should follow the guidelines as closely as possible as they prepare copies of a paper for initial evaluation and review. Papers that are accepted for publication, of course, must be adjusted to agree exactly with the editorial practices of the AJSE.
In this manual, the major items of concern have been treated in separate paragraphs appropriately headed for quick reference. Examples are given to illustrate many of the items. Authors and typists are encouraged to scan the entire booklet in order to familiarize themselves with its scope, and then to refer to individual topics in detail as needed.
This manual has deliberately been made brief. There was no intention to make it a compendium of answers to all questions about style or format. It is quite possible, therefore, that some important points have been omitted in the effort to keep the manual concise. Authors are welcome, at any time, to address questions to the Managing Editor, AJSE.
CONTENTS
Title Page
Classification of Papers
The Manuscript Itself
Paper
Number of Copies
Typing
Corrections, Additions
Pagination
Abstracts
Citations in the Text
References
Mathematical Expressions
Chemical Formula
Notation
Type Face Indicators
Abbreviations
Acronyms
Figures, Diagrams, Illustrations
Photographs
Tables
Footnotes
Correcting Galley Proof
SAMPLE TITLE PAGE
Real-time Reporting of the Analysis of Sulfur Content in Stack Exhausts from Blast
Furnaces Equipped with Electrostatic Precipitators
Adam B. Cosby[1]
Associate Professor
Department of Chemistry
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
U. S. A.
and
Dale E. Farmer
Research Chemist
U. S. Steel Corporation
Bessemer, Pennsylvania 15334
U. S. A.
1 Address for correspondence:
Dr. A. B. Crosby
123 Fourth Avenue, Apartment C
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15268, U. S. A.
Classification: Chemistry, Inorganic Analysis, Computerized Data Reporting
TITLE PAGE
A manuscript should be accompanied by a title page that contains the full name of the paper and the full name and address of the author, clearly showing the affiliation of the author. If the address of the affiliation is different from the mailing address to be used for correspondence, this should be clearly indicated. If a paper has multiple authors, name and address information should be shown complete for all authors. Fax numbers and/or e-mail addresses may be added if authors wish.
In addition, authors are requested to make a tentative classification of papers submitted to AJSE (see subsequent discussion of this point). A sample title page is shown opposite.
CLASSIFICATION OF
PAPERS
Authors should indicate on the title page of a manuscript submitted for a review a tentative classification for the paper by discipline and by subject matter content. Both general discipline (for example, “Chemistry”) and the specific subject matter (for example, “synthesis of heterocyclic organometallic acids”) are requested. Such a classification of a paper will not be considered binding. The classification should be as descriptive as possible, and may contain a list of “keywords” that appear in the paper itself.
Examples of such classifications are as follows:
Chemistry : reaction kinetics, temperature factors
Physics : experimental results in nuclear resonance phenomena
Civil
Engineering: vibrations, stress
analysis, fatigue factors, strength of
structures, computer simulation and agreement with
experimental results
THE MANUSCRIPT
ITSELF
Manuscripts may be submitted to the AJSE for review in essentially three forms:
1. Typescript: where no word processing facility is available and there is therefore no electronic version, only the hard copy. Though this is increasingly rare, AJSE will consider such submissions and, if they are accepted, typeset them for publication. It is especially important in such cases that the typescript is clear, unambiguous and capable of being photocopied.
2. Hard copy for a word processor file. The electronic version will be requested at the final stage, after a paper, revised if necessary, has been accepted.
3. In purely electronic form, as an e-mail attachment. Acceptable systems are MS Word, and (standard) LaTeX. Figures and graphs should also be included, in a form that can easily be printed out.
Manuscripts submitted in hard copy for review by the AJSE go through several stages of handling, photocopying, and other processing prior to acceptance and ultimate submission to the printer for typesetting. For that reason, it is highly important that the manuscript be submitted in a physical form that permits such processing. The following paragraphs deal with the physical form of the manuscript.
PAPER
Use white paper, preferably 21.5 cm by 28.0 (the international “A-4” size), and preferably with a weight of 100 g.m-2. Good grades of 90 g.m-2 are acceptable, but lighter weights are not; “flimsy”, “onion skin”, and other lightweight papers cannot be processed.
NUMBER OF COPIES
The AJSE requires five copies of the manuscript. Photocopies are acceptable. If carbon copies are submitted, they must be clear, unsmudged, and on a weight of paper comparable to the original; also, if carbon copies are submitted, they must be accompanied by an original. If photocopies are submitted, however, all copies may be in this form.
TYPING
Observe the following rules for typing:
(1) Manuscripts should be double-spaced. In some cases, 1 ½-space may be acceptable.
(2) Use a 10 point (pica) cum serif typeface. Although 12 point (elite) type is acceptable if clear and clean, smaller sizes are not and manuscripts so typed will be returned to the author. Unusual type faces (script, Old English, primer, etc.) will not be accepted, and the sans serif faces (letter gothic, etc.) are undesirable.
(3) Use margins of at least 3 cm at all four sides of the page. The AJSE prefers an extra-wide side margin on manuscripts, to allow referees to write comments on the copies that they receive for review.
(4) Always keep in mind that the manuscript will be handled and copied several times during its processing.
CORRECTIONS,
ADDITIONS
Handwritten corrections, if not extensive, are acceptable on the manuscript, provided they are made in black or dark blue ink or ballpoint pen. (Pencilled corrections normally do not reproduce well in photocopying.) Also, some special symbols (Greek letters, mathematical symbols) can be entered throughout by hand. Typeface indicators (for italics, bold, etc.) may be entered by hand.
PAGINATION
All pages of the manuscript should be numbered, beginning with the title page of the paper, and including all appendices, lists of references, lists of figure captions, etc. Every page should also have the author’s name at the top. The separable parts of the manuscript (abstract, list of references, etc.) should be typed so that each begins on a new page and each should be identified clearly. A “short title” of the manuscript can be usefully included in page headings. Illustrative examples appear below:
Smith, page 2 of 12
Green, page 15, Figure captions for “Analysis of Sulfur …”
Page 19
Appendix A, Mann and Roberts, “Testing of Steel …”
14 (Jones)
ABSTRACT
Authors must provide abstracts for all major articles to be published in the AJSE. (Items intended for the “Letters, Notes, and Comments” section of the AJSE do not require abstracts.) Both an English language version and a typed Arabic language version are required. Although the Arabic version can be produced by the AJSE if the author so requests, it is preferable that the author supply this item if he can.
The writing style of the abstract should be simple and terse. The abstract should not be used as an introduction to the manuscript, for the manuscript must be complete without its abstract. The maximum length for the English version of the abstract is 200 words.
CITATIONS IN THE
TEXT
Citations within the body of a paper are given as Arabic numerals. These numerals are of the same type size and font as the text material; the numerals are enclosed in brackets [ ]; and the numerals precede any text-related punctuation that may appear. Multiple references are given within a single set of brackets.
The following will illustrate the citation style adopted by AJSE:
…Previous
experimental work in this area [1, 2], theoretical analyses of
the
problem [3, 7], and a computer simulation study [8] have all suggested
that …
…Abernathy
[15] and Baker and others [16, 17] reported
detecting radiation levels significantly above background; in no case,
however, did their measurements exceed the values established by the
Atomic
Energy Commission as “safe” [18].
REFERENCES
References are to be listed at the end of the paper and numbered serially in the order in which they appear in the manuscript. No reference should be listed unless cited in the body of the paper. (Authors who wish to do so may submit an “Additional Bibliography” in a separate section of the manuscript, following the list of “References”. Such an “Additional Bibliography” should be listed without numbering and in alphabetical order of author surname. This additional section may or may not be published; the publication of such an “Additional Bibliography” is solely at the discretion of the AJSE Board of Editors.)
The AJSE has adopted a reference style in general as follows:
(a) The reference number is listed in square brackets without punctuation. This number is the first entry in a reference.
(b) The author’s name is the next entry in the reference. The name should appear with given names or initials first and family name (surname) last. In cases where two or more authors are listed, the conjunction “and” is employed before the last name listed and is preceded by a comma.
(c) In cases of multiple authorship where only a senior author is named, the expressions “et al.” or “and others” may be used. However, unless there are a great number of authors, it is better to list all the names.
(d) A comma separates the author name from the following entry, which will be a title.
(e) Titles of journal articles, magazine articles, speeches, delivered papers, chapters in books, theses and dissertations are entered in regular type, capitals and lower case. The first word of the title, all nouns, and all words of five or more letters are capitalized. A comma follows such an entry, and the name of the journal, magazine, conference at which the speech was given, etc., is the next entry.
(f) The title of a book or a monograph is entered in italics, capitals and lower case. The first word, all nouns, and all words of five or more letters are capitalized. A period follows the title of a book monograph. (Note that underlining in handwritten or typed material indicates italics) where italics cannot be generated by a word processing system.
(g) The name of a journal or magazine is listed in italics, capitals and lower case. The first word, all nouns and all words of five or more letters are capitalized. A comma follows such an entry.
(h) The volume number of a journal or other serialized publication is listed in bold face Arabic numerals, immediately after the title of the journal. (Note that a wavy underline indicates bold type where bold face cannot be generated by a word processing system.) In cases where the journal has not been serialized by volume numbers, this entry can be omitted.
(i) For a journal article, the year of publication appears in regular type in parentheses immediately after the volume number. A comma follows the closing parentheses.
(j) The number of the page on which a journal article begins appears in regular type immediately after the year of publication of the journal. A page number is preceded by the abbreviation “p.”. A period follows the page number.
(k) In cases where books or monographs are cited, the place of publication is listed after the title of the book or monograph. Normally, the city name alone is enough to specify the place of publication, but other locator information should be interested if a chance for ambiguity exists. A colon follows the place of publication.
(l) The publisher’s name, in abbreviated form, follows the place of publication. A comma follows the publisher’s name, and the year publication is next listed. A period follows the year of publication unless a page reference is given; in such a case, a comma follows the year, and the page reference ends the item.
(m) Because reference entries should always be made in such a way that readers can readily identify the source cited, and since the AJSE has readers in many disciplines and in many countries, abbreviations of journal titles should be avoided.
The following are examples of reference citations that conform to the AJSE style:
[1] John M. Andrews, “Decay Schemes for Radioactive Halogens”, Journal of Chemical Physics, 16 (1969), p. 386.
[2] Harold T. Pendergast and Arthur M. Swindley, “Reaction Rates of Halogen-Substituted Polynuclear Hydrocarbons in Non-Aqueous Solvents”, in Reaction Kinetics, ed. W. J. Albery. New York: Macmillan, 1975.
[3] Charles B. Caldwell, Thermodynamics of Polymers. New York: Wiley, 1981, p. 56.
[4] R. J. Williams and others, “Computer Simulation of Supply-Demand Relationships”, Computers, Environment, and Urban Systems, 5 (1981), p. 114.
[5] T. J. White, M. L. Foster, and P. Matthews, “Gravity Anomalies in Antarctica”, Geophysics Review, 30 (1960), p. 211.
MATHEMATICAL
EXPRESSIONS
Mathematical expressions are normally “displayed,” that is, written on a separate line. Important equations, especially ones to which reference is made in the text, should be numbered. Such numbers should be placed at the far right margin; Arabic numerals enclosed within parentheses are to be used for this purpose. An example is
xn + xn-1 + xn-2 + … + x2 + x + 1 = 0. (1)
Long mathematical expressions that need to be continued on a second line should be broken either before one of the following signs:
=, +x, -, ÷, ¹, >, <, (2)
or after a multiplication sign (x).
If the solidus (/) is used to indicate “divided by” the expression should not be broken after this sign. Avoid breaking expressions within brackets.
Matrices, vectors, and arrays, which occupy a number of lines as a unit, should always be numbered and displayed; such items should not be included as part of the text. This style consideration is required because it may not be possible to set on the printed page such items exactly in the position in which they originally appear in the manuscript; furthermore, it may even be necessary to use double column format in some cases. Such expressions will be placed as near as possible to the text reference to them, as is done with tables and illustrations. An expression containing matrices is an example; such an expression will not fit in a single column and it cannot easily be divided. It should not, therefore, form part of a sentence in the text.
When mathematical expressions are generated in a word processing system, the rules of that system should be followed.
CHEMICAL FORMULA
Similar considerations apply to chemical formulae and displayed equations. Equations set in type are normally “displayed”; if it is necessary to break them and continue on another line, this should be done after the reaction arrow or before a plus sign, not within the formulae for any one substance. A numbering system similar to that for mathematical expressions should be used.
More complex structural formulae should be treated as for the matrices, etc., mentioned above, i.e. not included as part of a text sentence, but displayed and referred to by number. Structures of individual compounds should be identified by Roman numerals (I, II etc.); these will normally be set in boldface.
Structural formulae that make a particular stereochemical point are better drawn as artwork since precise angles and spatial relationships cannot always be reproduced in type. Where such formulae are generated within a word processing system, separate hard copies are required even if the formulae also occur within the text.
NOTATION
Authors should use the notation that is standard in their field. Unusual notation and usages that might not be clear to non-specialists should be defined.
In typescripts, all symbols that are not letters of the Roman alphabet (Greek letters, script, German/Fraktur, etc.) should be identified in the margin the first time they occur. If such symbols are inserted by hand, it is particularly important that they be written clearly and consistently on all copies. This especially applies to modifying signs such as accents, dots, primes, and the like. (These are easy to set with modern printing methods, but they are also easy to omit!)
Example:
y 1sin d1 + y 2sin d2 = 0 y = Greek ‘psi” capital
d = Greek “alpha” l.c.
Where all symbols are generated by the word processing system, such identification is less necessary, but it is still helpful.
TYPE FACE
INDICATORS
Authors may wish to indicate type face on certain mathematical symbols. The conventional indicators are a straight underline for italic, and a wavy underline for bold.
ABBREVIATIONS
Avoid abbreviations within the text of a manuscript. Allowable exceptions include units of measure when written as part of the designation of a quantity and certain abbreviations that are very common with a discipline.
Correct
…rainfall during the months of
November, December, and January.
However, a
slight excess was recorded in both February and March. Figure 3 shows these
findings…..
AVOID
…rainfall during the months of
Nov., Dec., and Jan. However, a
slight excess
was
recorded in both Feb. and Mar.
Fig. 3 shows these findings…..
Correct
…wind velocities between 8.0 km/h and 12.0 km/h…..
Also Correct
…wind velocities between eight
kilometers pe hour and twelve kilometers per
hour…..
AVOID
…rain showers that lasted more than an hr and the no. of hrs duration for each…..
Correct
…determination of percentage of cobalt, nickel, and iron…..
AVOID
…determination of % of Co, Ni, and Fe….(Note, however, that it is acceptable to use an expression such as the following: “…the iron in the sample was a mixture of both the Fe2+ and Fe3+ states, with only trace amounts of the free element….”)
ACRONYMS
Write acronyms in capital letters without spacing or internal punctuation. Explain an acronym on the occasion of its first use, unless the expression is well-known to readers in a variety of disciplines.
Correct
…financed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Later research was also conducted under NASA auspices…..
AVOID
…N.A.S.A. published the results early in 1972…..
…U.S. of A. …..
…WEC and NERA both report to EARN; that agency, in turn submits budget requests to BAG and reports manpower needs to TEMP…..
FIGURES, DIAGRAMS,
ILLUSTRATIONS
In the case of hard copy, figures and diagrams should be drawn with black India ink either on vellum (tracing paper) or on heavy, white, matte-finish paper. Originals of figures preferably should be on paper the same size as that used throughout the manuscript. Larger originals produce problems in mailing and handling. Figures and graphs produced using the word processing system should also be printed out separately, as well as appearing in the text.
AUTHORS SHOULD NOT SEND ORIGINALS OF FIGURES AND DIAGRAMS WITH ARTICLES SUBMITTED FOR REVIEW. Instead, photocopies (but not blueprints) should be submitted initially. When a manuscript is accepted for publication, authors will then be requested to submit original drawings; authors must be prepared to provide such materials immediately upon request.
Figure captions, insofar as possible, should appear with each figure itself. In addition, however, a separate page listing the captions for all the figures may, if necessary, be included as a numbered, identified page in the manuscript.
PHOTOGRAPHS
For use in the final printing process, black-and-white photographs must be glossy prints having a minimum size of 12 cm by 18 cm, although 20 cm by 25 cm is preferable. For review purposes, inexpensive “proof” copies of photographs are satisfactory.
For use in the final printing process, color photographs must be in the form of 35 mm transparencies. For review purposes, the author should submit either color prints or black-and-white proofs made from the transparencies.
AUTHORS SHOULD NOT SEND ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPHS WITH A MANUSCRIPT SUBMITTED FOR REVIEW! Instead, inexpensive proofs should be submitted initially. When a manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors will then be requested to supply original photographs; authors must be prepared to do so without delay.
Figure captions for photographs should be supplied on a separate page as a number-identified page of the manuscript, and the photographs themselves, should be marked on the back with, e.g., “Fig. 7” etc. Photographs stored in electronic form as part of a manuscript submitted as hard copy should be printed out separately, in addition to appearing in the text.
TABLES
Tables normally should be typed on a separate page, and clearly labeled and titled. Tables, unless extensive, will usually be set in type when the paper is printed; extensive tables of data, especially computer printout, may be reproduced from author-furnished originals.
Footnotes within tables should be indicated by lower case Roman letter superscripts.
An illustrative example appears below:
Table 5. Observed Weather Facts on Omega Island for Selected Years
|
Year Annual precipitation Number of days with (cm) measurable rainfall |
|
|
1979 122 207
1980 143 210
1981 130 211b
1982 150a 208
|
|
FOOTNOTES
AJSE, because it has a “reference style” for citations within the text of articles, reserves the use of superscripted footnotes for purely informational items. Superscripted footnotes should never be used for citations. Informational footnotes normally should be avoided if they can be conveniently included within the text.
If footnotes are used in the manuscript, they should be serial per manuscript page, and should be indicated by the symbols * , †, ‡, §, **, etc.
CORRECTING PROOFS
Manuscripts that are to be published will be set in type to AJSE format, and the proofs of the typeset materials will be sent to the author for his correction and approval.
If proofs are returned corrections should be made using standard proofreaders marks, and also listed/indicated in the margin. This is especially important when faxing corrections. Proof corrections may also be sent by e-mail.